The working principle of general electric bicycles mainly includes the following parts: electrical system, mechanical system and the interaction between them.
Electrical system
The electrical system of electric bicycles mainly includes batteries, chargers and motors. The battery is the power source of the electric bicycle and is charged by the charger. When the battery is installed on the electric bicycle, it will release electrical energy to the outside to provide energy for the electrical system of the whole vehicle. The battery usually adopts lead-acid battery, and its working principle is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy through chemical reaction. When the battery is discharged through the external circuit, the lead dioxide on the positive plate and the pure lead on the negative plate react with the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to generate lead sulfate and water, thereby releasing electrical energy.
Mechanical system
The mechanical system of electric bicycles mainly includes motors, transmission devices and wheels. The motor usually adopts a DC motor, which is installed at the center of the rear wheel axle and connected to the handle through a controller. The rider controls the output voltage of the controller by turning the handle, thereby adjusting the speed of the motor and then controlling the speed of the vehicle. When the motor is energized, it generates a rotating magnetic field, drives the wheels to rotate, and makes the vehicle move.
Interaction between electrical and mechanical systems
The electrical and mechanical systems work together through the controller. The controller receives input signals from the handlebars and adjusts the voltage and current of the motor, thereby controlling the motor speed and the vehicle's speed. The rider can learn about battery voltage, vehicle speed, and riding status through the dashboard. When the battery is low on power, it needs to be charged by a charger to restore its power reserve.
